Imisonto yahlulahlulwe kakhulu ibe yimisonto edibanisayo kunye nemisonto yokuhambisa.Ukudibanisa imicu, iindlela eziphambili zokucubungula zezi: ukucofa, ukuxubha, ukuguqula, ukugoba kunye nokugqithisa, njl.;kwimicu yothumelo, iindlela eziphambili zokusetyenzwa zezi: rough-finish turning-grinding, whirl milling-coarse-finishing, njl.
Ukusetyenziswa komgaqo womsonto kunokulandwa emva kowama-220 BC, xa umphengululi ongumGrike u-Archimedes wenza isixhobo sokuphakamisa amanzi ngesikrufu.Ngenkulungwane ye-4 AD, umgaqo weebholiti kunye namandongomane waqala ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokushicilela abasetyenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini kumazwe eMeditera.Ngelo xesha, umsonto wangaphandle wawusongelwa ngentambo ejikelezileyo kwi-cylindrical bar, uze ukrolwe ngokwalo phawu, ngoxa umsonto wangaphakathi wawudla ngokuyilwa ngokubethelela umsonto wangaphandle ngento ethambileyo.
Malunga ne-1500, kumzobo wesixhobo sokulungisa intambo esizotywe nguLeonardo da Vinci wase-Italiya, kwacetywa umbono wokusebenzisa isikrufu sowasetyhini kunye negiya yokutshintshiselana ngemisonto eneepitshi ezahlukeneyo.Ukususela ngoko, indlela yokusika imisonto ngoomatshini iye yaphuhliswa kwishishini laseYurophu lokwenza iiwotshi.
Ngowe-1760, abazalwana baseBritani uJ. Wyatt noW. Wyatt bafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lokusika izikrufu zomthi ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo.Ngomnyaka we-1778, iBritish J. Ramsden yakha yenza isixhobo sokusika intambo eqhutywa yi-worm gear pair, enokuqhuba imisonto emide ngokuchaneka okuphezulu.Ngomnyaka we-1797, iNgesi uH. Maudsley wasebenzisa i-screw yabasetyhini kunye nokutshintshiselana kwezixhobo ukuguqula imisonto yentsimbi yeepitshi ezahlukeneyo kwi-lathe ephuculwe nguye, kwaye wabeka indlela esisiseko yokuguqula imisonto.
Ngeminyaka yee-1820, uMaudsley wavelisa iimpompo zokuqala kwaye wafa ngenxa yokuthunga.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, uphuhliso lweshishini leemoto lwakhuthaza ngakumbi ukubekwa emgangathweni kwemisonto kunye nophuhliso lweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo zokulungisa imisonto.Iintloko ezahlukeneyo zokuvula ezizenzekelayo zokuvula kunye neetephu ezizenzekelayo ezicuthekayo zayilwa enye emva kwenye, kwaye kwaqala ukusetyenziswa imisonto yokusila.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1930, kwavela ukucola intambo.
Nangona iteknoloji yokuqengqeleka intambo yayinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwinkulungwane ye-19, ngenxa yobunzima bokwenziwa komngundo, uphuhliso lwacotha kakhulu de kwafika iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini (1942-1945), ngenxa yeemfuno zemveliso yezixhobo kunye nophuhliso lokusila intambo. iteknoloji Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo luphunyezwe kuphela emva kokusombulula ingxaki echanekileyo yokwenziwa kokungunda.
Udidi lokuqala: ukusika intambo
Ibhekisa ngokubanzi kwindlela yokwenza imisonto kwizinto zokusebenza ezinezixhobo zokwenza okanye izixhobo ezirhabaxa, ingakumbi eziquka ukujika, ukungqusha, ukucofa, ukucola intambo, ukusila kunye nokusika okujikelezayo.Xa ujika, ukugaya kunye nemicu yokusila, ikhonkco lokuhambisa lesixhobo somatshini liqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sokuguqula, i-milling cutter okanye ivili lokugaya lihamba ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ngokulinganayo enye ikhokelela ecaleni kwe-axis ye-workpiece ye-revolution nganye ye-workpiece.Xa ucofa okanye ukuthunga, isixhobo (itephu okanye ufe) kunye ne-workpiece ejikelezayo malunga nomnye, kwaye isixhobo (okanye i-workpiece) ikhokelwa yi-groove yentambo eyenziwe ngaphambili ukuhamba nge-axially.
01 Ukujika imisonto
Ukuguqula intambo kwi-lathe kunokwenziwa ngesixhobo sokuguqula okanye i-thread comb.Ukuguqula imicu kunye nesixhobo sokuguqula isicatshulwa yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-single-piece kunye ne-batch encinci yemveliso ye-threaded workpieces ngenxa yesakhiwo sesixhobo esilula;ukuguqula imisonto ngesixhobo sokudibanisa intambo kunomgangatho ophezulu wokuvelisa, kodwa isakhiwo sesixhobo sinzima kwaye sifanelekile kuphela kwimveliso yebhetshi ephakathi kunye nenkulu.Ukuguqula imisonto emifutshane yokusebenzela ngepitch entle.Ukuchaneka kwe-pitch ye-lathes eqhelekileyo yokuguqula imicu ye-trapezoidal inokufikelela ngokubanzi kuphela kwi-8 ukuya kwi-9 amabakala (JB2886-81, efanayo ngezantsi);iintambo zoomatshini kwiileyile zemisonto ezikhethekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu imveliso okanye ukuchaneka.
02 Ukugaya imisonto
Ukugaya ngediski okanye umsiki wekama kwisixhobo sokusila intambo.
Izisiki zokusila iidiskhi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimisonto yokusila yetrapezoidal yangaphandle kwizinto zokusebenza ezifana nesikrufu kunye nombungu.Umsiki wokusila omile njengekama usetyenziselwa ukungqusha imisonto eqhelekileyo yangaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nemisonto ephothiweyo.Ekubeni ixutywe nge-multi-blade milling cutter kunye nobude becandelo layo lokusebenza likhulu kunobude bomsonto oza kucutshungulwa, i-workpiece kufuneka ijikelezwe kuphela i-1.25 ukuya kwi-1.5 ijika ukuba iqhutywe.Kwenziwe ngemveliso ephezulu.Ukuchaneka kwe-pitch yokugaya imisonto ngokubanzi kunokufikelela kumabanga esi-8 ukuya kwa-9, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu yi-R5 ukuya kwi-0.63 ye-microns.Le ndlela ifanelekile kwimveliso yobuninzi yee-workpieces ezinemisonto ezichaneke ngokubanzi okanye ukurhaxa phambi kokusila.
03Ukucola imisonto
Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukucubungula imisonto echanekileyo yezixhobo zokusebenza eziqinisiweyo kumatshini wokusila intambo.Ngokwemilo yecandelo le-cross-section yevili lokusila, linokwahlulwa libe ziindidi ezimbini: ivili lokugaya umgca omnye kunye nevili lokugaya i-multi-line.Ukuchaneka kwe-pitch okunokuthi kuphunyezwe ngomgca omnye wokusila isondo ngamabakala angama-5 ukuya kwa-6, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu yi-R1.25 ukuya kwi-0.08 microns, ekulungele ngakumbi ukugquma isondo.Le ndlela ilungele ukusila izikrufu ezichanekileyo, iigeyiji zentambo, iintshulube, iibhetshi ezincinci zemisonto ephothiweyo kunye nokusila okuchanekileyo.Ukugaya ivili lokusila ngemigca emininzi yahlulwe ngendlela yokugaya i-longitudinal kunye nendlela yokugaya.Kwindlela yokugaya i-longitudinal, ububanzi bevili lokusila buncinane kunobude bomsonto oza kucolwa, kwaye ivili lokusila lihamba ngobude kube kanye okanye izihlandlo eziliqela ukuze licole umsonto ukuya kumlinganiselo wokugqibela.Ububanzi bevili lokusila lendlela yokugaya i-plunge inkulu kunobude bomsonto oza kwenziwa.Ivili lokusila lisikwe kumphezulu we-workpiece radially, kwaye i-workpiece inokucolwa kakuhle emva kokuguqulwa kwe-1.25.Imveliso iphezulu, kodwa ukuchaneka kuncinci, kwaye ukugqoka isondo lokugaya kunzima ngakumbi.I-Plunge grinding ifanelekile ekusileni isiqabu kwiibhetshi ezinkulu zeetephu kunye nokusila imisonto ethile yokubopha.
04 Ukucola imisonto
Isixhobo sokugaya i-nut-type okanye i-screw-type intambo yenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo ezifana nentsimbi etyhidiweyo, kunye nenxalenye yentambo esetyenzisiweyo kwi-workpiece enemposiso ye-pitch ijikelezwe kwaye iphantsi kwindlela eya phambili kunye nokubuyisela umva ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwe-pitch. .Iintambo zangaphakathi eziqiniweyo zihlala ziphantsi ukuphelisa i-deformation kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka.
05 Ukucofa nokuthunga
Ukucofa: Kukukrukra impompo kumngxunya ongaphantsi ogrunjwe kwangaphambili kwisixhobo sokusebenza kunye netorque ethile ukucubungula umsonto wangaphakathi.
Umsonto: Kukusika umsonto wangaphandle kwibar (okanye umbhobho) wokusebenzela ngedayisi.Ukuchaneka komatshini wokucofa okanye ukuthunga kuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni kompompo okanye kufa.
Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi zokucutshungulwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, iintambo zangaphakathi ezinobubanzi obuncinci zinokucutshungulwa kuphela ngeetephu.Ukucofa nokufaka imisonto kunokwenziwa ngesandla, nangeentambo, ngoomatshini bokucoca, oomatshini bokucofa kunye noomatshini bokuthunga.
Udidi lwesibini: ukuqengqeleka komsonto
Indlela yokucubungula yeplastiki yokuguqula i-workpiece kunye ne-forming rolling die ukuze ufumane intambo.Ukuqengqeleka komsonto ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa kumatshini wokurola intambo okanye i-lathe ezenzekelayo enentloko yokuvula nokuvala intambo.Imisonto yangaphandle yokuveliswa kobunzima beziqhoboshi ezisemgangathweni kunye nezinye izidibanisi ezinemisonto.Ububanzi bangaphandle bomsonto ojikeleziweyo abukho ngaphezu kwe-25 mm ubude, ubude abukho ngaphezu kwe-100 mm, ukuchaneka kwentambo kunokufikelela kwinqanaba le-2 (GB197-63), kwaye ububanzi bendawo engenanto esetyenzisiweyo ilingana ngokulinganayo ne-pitch. Idayamitha yomsonto owenziweyo.Ukuqengqeleka ngokuqhelekileyo akukwazi ukucubungula imisonto yangaphakathi, kodwa kwizinto zokusebenza ezinemathiriyeli ethambileyo, impompo yokukhupha i-grooveless extrusion ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha intambo yangaphakathi ebandayo (ubukhulu bedayamitha inokufikelela malunga ne-30 mm).Umgaqo wokusebenza ufana nowokucofa.I-torque efunekayo kwi-extrusion ebandayo yeentambo zangaphakathi malunga namaxesha angama-1 amakhulu kunokokucofa, kwaye ukuchaneka kwe-machining kunye nomgangatho womhlaba uphezulu kancinane kunezo zokucofa.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokuqengqeleka komsonto: ① Uburhabaxa bomphezulu buncinci kunobo bokujika, ukungqusha kunye nokusila;②Amandla kunye nokuqina komphezulu wentambo emva kokuqengqeleka kunokuphuculwa ngenxa yokuqina komsebenzi obandayo;③Ireyithi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto iphezulu;④Imveliso iphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa nokusika, kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda into ezenzekelayo;⑤ Ubomi bomqengqelezi bude kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, intambo yokuqengqeleka ifuna ukuba ubulukhuni besixhobo sokusebenza bungagqithi kwi-HRC40;ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional ye-blank iphezulu;ukuchaneka kunye nobunzima bokufa okuqengqelekayo nako kuphezulu, kwaye kunzima ukwenza idiyizi;ayifanelekanga ukuqengqeleka kwemicu ene-asymmetric tooth shape.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufa, ukuqengqeleka komsonto kunokohlulwa kube ziindidi ezimbini: ukuqengqeleka komsonto kunye nokuqengqeleka kwentambo.
06 Ukuqengqeleka kwemisonto
Iipleyiti ezimbini eziqengqelekayo ezinemisonto yamazinyo zicwangciswe ngokuchaseneyo omnye nomnye nge-pitch ye-1/2, ipleyiti engatshintshiyo ilungisiwe, kwaye ipleyiti eshukumayo ihamba ngentshukumo ehambelanayo ehambelana nepleyiti engatshintshiyo.Xa i-workpiece ithunyelwa phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini, ipleyiti ehamba phambili iqhubela phambili kwaye ikhuhle i-workpiece ukuze i-plastic ikhubaze umphezulu ukwenza intambo.
07 Ukuqengqeleka kwemisonto
Zintathu iindidi zokuqengqeleka kwentambo ye-radial, ukuqengqeleka kwentambo ye-tangential kunye nentloko eqengqelekayo.
①I-Radial thread rolling: 2 (okanye 3) amavili ajikelezayo aneprofayili yomsonto afakwe kwiishafti ezihambelanayo, i-workpiece ibekwe kwinkxaso phakathi kwamavili amabini, kwaye amavili amabini ajikeleza ngesantya esifanayo kwicala elinye.Ivili kwakhona lenza intshukumo feed radial.I-workpiece ijikelezwa yivili elijikelezayo, kwaye umphezulu we-radially extruded ukwenza imicu.Kwezinye izikrufu ezikhokelayo ezingadingi kuchaneka okuphezulu, indlela efanayo ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza umqulu.
②I-Tangential thread rolling: Ekwaziwa njengokuqengqeleka kwentambo yeplanethi, isixhobo esiqengqelekayo sinevili elijikelezayo elijikelezayo kunye neepleyiti ezintathu ezimile okwearc.Ngexesha lokuqengqeleka kwentambo, i-workpiece inokondliwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngoko ke imveliso iphezulu kuneyokuqengqeleka kwentambo kunye ne-radial thread rolling.
③ Intloko yokuqengqeleka komsonto: Iqhutywa kwilathe ezenzekelayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza imisonto emifutshane kwisixhobo sokusebenza.Kukho i-3 ukuya kwi-4 yamavili ajikelezayo asasazwa ngokulinganayo kumda wangaphandle we-workpiece kwintloko eqengqelekayo.Ngethuba lokujikeleza intambo, i-workpiece ijikeleza kwaye intloko ejikelezayo idla i-axially ukuze iqhube i-workpiece ngaphandle kwentambo.
08 EDM ukuthunga
Ukusetyenzwa kwemisonto eqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa amaziko omatshini okanye izixhobo zokucofa kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukucofa ngesandla kuyenzeka.Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, ezi ndlela zingasentla azilulanga ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo zokucwangcisa, ezifana nesidingo somatshini wemisonto emva kokunyangwa kobushushu bamalungu ngenxa yokungakhathali, okanye ngenxa yezithintelo zezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nesidingo sokucofa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-carbide. izixhobo zokusebenza.Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela indlela yokucubungula i-EDM.
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokwenza, inkqubo ye-EDM ikwindlela efanayo, kwaye umngxuma ongezantsi kufuneka uqhutywe kuqala, kwaye ububanzi bomngxuma ophantsi kufuneka bunqunywe ngokwemiqathango yokusebenza.I-electrode kufuneka ifakwe kwimilo yentambo, kwaye i-electrode idinga ukukwazi ukujikeleza ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-06-2022