1. Yintoni ukugaya?Zama ukukhankanya iindlela ezininzi zokusila.
Impendulo: Ukugaya yindlela yokucubungula esusa i-layer engaphezulu kwi-workpiece ye-workpiece ngesenzo sokusika isixhobo sokuhlambalaza, ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho ophezulu we-workpiece uhlangabezane neemfuno ezichazwe kwangaphambili.Iifom zokugaya eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya: ukugaya i-cylindrical, ukugaya kwangaphakathi, ukugaya okungenaziko, ukugaya intambo, ukugaya iindawo ezisicaba zezinto zokusebenza, kunye nokugaya iindawo ezibunjwayo.
2. Yintoni isixhobo sokukrala?Linjani ivili lokusila?Zeziphi izinto ezigqiba ukusebenza kwayo?
Impendulo: Zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugaya, ukugaya kunye nokupolisha zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njengezixhobo ezinqabileyo, ezininzi zazo zenziwe nge-abrasives kunye nezibophelelo.
Amavili okusila akhiwe ngeenkozo ezirhabaxa, izibophelelo kunye neepores (ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle), kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwizinto ezifana ne-abrasives, i-particle size, i-binders, ubulukhuni kunye nokulungelelanisa.
3. Zeziphi iintlobo zeziqholo?Dwelisa iibrasives ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Impendulo: I-abrasive ijongene ngqo nomsebenzi wokusika, kwaye kufuneka ibe nobunzima obuphezulu, ukuchasana nokushisa kunye nokuqina okuthile, kwaye kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza imiphetho ebukhali kunye neekona xa iphukile.Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-abrasives eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso: i-oxide series, i-carbide series kunye ne-high-hard abrasive series.Iibrasives ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-corundum emhlophe, i-zirconium corundum, i-cubic boron carbide, idayimane yokwenziwa, i-cubic boron nitride, njl.
4. Zeziphi iindlela zokunxiba ivili lokusila?Iyintoni intsingiselo yokugquma ivili lokunxiba?
Impendulo: Ukunxiba kwevili lokugaya kubandakanya amanqanaba amabini: ukulahleka kwe-abrasive kunye nokusilela kwevili lokugaya.Ilahleko yeenkozo ezirhabaxa kumphezulu wevili lokusila zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: i-passivation yeenkozo ezirhabaxa, ukutyunyuzwa kweenkozo ezirhabaxa, kunye nokuchithwa kweenkozo ezirhabaxa.Ngokunyuswa kwexesha lokusebenza kwevili lokugaya, amandla ayo okusika ayancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ekugqibeleni ayinakukwazi ukuhlalwa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukuchaneka kwe-machining echaziweyo kunye nomgangatho womphezulu awukwazi ukufezekiswa.Ngeli xesha, ivili lokugaya liyasilela.Kukho iifom ezintathu: ukuchithwa kwendawo yokusebenza yevili lokugaya, ukuvinjelwa kwendawo yokusebenza yevili lokugaya, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-contour yevili lokugaya.
Xa ivili lokugaya ligugile, kufuneka liphinde linxibe ivili lokugaya.Ukunxiba ligama eliqhelekileyo lokubumba nokulola.Ukubunjwa kukwenza ivili lokusila libe nemilo yejometri kunye neemfuno ezithile ezichanekileyo;ukulola kukususa i-agent edibeneyo phakathi kweenkozo eziqhekezayo, ukwenzela ukuba iinkozo ezinqabileyo ziphuma kwi-ejenti yokudibanisa ukuya kubude obuthile (malunga ne-1/3 yobukhulu beengqolowa ezixubileyo ngokubanzi), zenze umgca wokusika kunye nendawo eyaneleyo ye-crumb. .Ukubunjwa kunye nokulolwa kwamavili aqhelekileyo okusila ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kwelinye;ukubunjwa kunye nokulolwa kwamavili okusila anamandla kakhulu ahlukanisiwe ngokubanzi.Eyangaphambili kukufumana ijiyometri yevili lokusila elifanelekileyo kwaye le yokugqibela kukuphucula ukubukhali kokusila.
5. Ziziphi iindlela zokugaya ukunyakaza kwi-cylindrical kunye nokugaya umphezulu?
Impendulo: Xa ukugaya isangqa sangaphandle kunye nendiza, ukunyakaza kokugaya kubandakanya iifom ezine: ukunyakaza okuphambili, ukunyakaza kwe-radial feed, i-axial feed motion kunye ne-workpiece rotation okanye i-linear motion.
6. Chaza ngokufutshane inkqubo yokugaya i-particle enye ebrasive.
Impendulo: Inkqubo yokugaya ingqolowa enye enqabileyo ihlulwe ngokwezigaba ezithathu: ukutyibilika, ukubeka amanqaku kunye nokusika.
(1) Inqanaba lokutyibilika: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, ubukhulu bokusika bunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-zero.Kwinqanaba lokutyibilika, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci kakhulu bokusika i-acg xa umphetho wokusika kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza siqala ukunxibelelana, xa isangqa seradius rn>acg kwikona ephezulu yeenkozo ezirhabaxa, iinkozo ezirhabaxa zityibilika kuphela kumphezulu. yeworkpiece, kwaye uvelise kuphela deformation Elastic, akukho chips.
(2) Isigaba sokubhala: kunye nokunyuka kobunzulu bokungena kwe-abrasive particles, uxinzelelo phakathi kweengqungquthela ze-abrasive kunye nomphezulu we-workpiece yanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nomgangatho womhlaba uphinde uguquke ukusuka kwi-elastic deformation ukuya kwi-plastic deformation.Ngeli xesha, i-friction extrusion inzima, kwaye ubushushu obukhulu buyenziwa.Xa isinyithi sifudumala kwindawo ebalulekileyo, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-thermal ludlula amandla abalulekileyo okuvelisa izinto, kwaye umgca wokusika uqala ukusika ebusweni bezinto eziphathekayo.I-slippage ityhala umphezulu wezinto ezibonakalayo ngaphambili kunye namacala eenkozo ezinqabileyo, ezibangela ukuba iinkozo eziqhekezayo zikrole i-grooves phezu kwendawo yokusebenza, kunye namaqhuma kumacala omabini e-grooves.Iimpawu zale nqanaba zezi: ukuhamba kweplastiki kunye ne-bulge kwenzeka phezu kwezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye ii-chips azikwazi ukubunjwa ngenxa yokuba ukusika kweengqungquthela ze-abrasive akufikeleli kwixabiso elibalulekileyo lokubunjwa kwe-chip.
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7. Sebenzisa isisombululo seJCJaeger ukuhlalutya ngokwethiyori ubushushu bendawo yokugaya ngexesha lokugaya okomileyo.
Impendulo: Xa ugaya, ubude be-arc yoqhagamshelwano nayo incinci ngenxa yobunzulu obuncinci bokusika.Ke inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengomthombo wobushushu owenziwe ngebhanti oshukumayo kumphezulu womzimba ongenasiphelo.Oku kusisiseko sesisombululo sikaJCJaeger.(a) Umthombo wobushushu ophezu komhlaba kwindawo yokusila (b) Ulungelelaniso lwenkqubo yomthombo wobushushu ongaphezulu kwintshukumo.
Indawo yokudibanisa i-arc yokusila i-AA￠B￠B ngumthombo wobushushu bebhanti, kwaye ubushushu bayo buyi-qm;ububanzi bayo w inxulumene nobubanzi bevili lokusila kunye nobunzulu bokugaya.Umthombo wobushushu AA￠B￠B unokuthathwa njengodibaniso lwemithombo yobushushu engumgama engabalekiyo dxi, ithatha umthombo othile wobushushu omgca we-dxi yophando, ubushushu bomthombo wayo wobushushu yi qmBdxi, kwaye ihamba ngakwicala le-X ngesantya Vw.
8. Ziziphi iintlobo zokutshisa okusila kunye nemilinganiselo yazo yokulawula?
Impendulo: Ngokuxhomekeke kwimbonakalo yokutshisa, kukho ukutshisa okuqhelekileyo, ukutshisa amabala, kunye nokutshisa umgca (umgca utsha kwindawo yonke yendawo).Ngokobume botshintsho lwe-microstructure yomphezulu, kukho: ukutshisa, ukucima ukutshisa, kunye nokutshisa okutshisa.
Kwinkqubo yokugaya, isizathu esona sizathu sokutshisa kukuba ukushisa kwendawo yokugaya kuphezulu kakhulu.Ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bommandla wokugaya, iindlela ezimbini zinokuthathwa ukunciphisa isizukulwana sobushushu bokugaya kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bokugaya.
Amanyathelo olawulo athatyathwa kaninzi:
(1) Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwesixa sokusila;
(2) Khetha ngokuchanekileyo ivili lokugaya;
(3) Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweendlela zokupholisa
9. Yintoni ukugaya ngesantya esiphezulu?Xa kuthelekiswa nokusila okuqhelekileyo, ziziphi iimpawu zokusila ngesantya esiphezulu?
Impendulo: Ukugaya isantya esiphezulu yindlela yenkqubo yokuphucula ukugaya kunye nomgangatho wokugaya ngokunyusa isantya somgca wevili lokugaya.Umahluko phakathi kwawo kunye nokugaya okuqhelekileyo kukwisantya esiphezulu sokugaya kunye nesantya sokutya, kwaye inkcazo yokugaya isantya esiphezulu ihamba phambili ngexesha.Phambi kweminyaka yee-1960, xa isantya sokusila sasingama-50m/s, kwakubizwa ngokuba kukusila ngesantya esiphezulu.Kwiminyaka ye-1990, isantya esiphezulu sokugaya safikelela kwi-500m / s.Kwizicelo eziphathekayo, isantya sokugaya ngaphezu kwe-100m / s sibizwa ngokuba yi-high-speed grinding.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokusila okuqhelekileyo, ukugaya ngesantya esiphezulu kunezi mpawu zilandelayo:
(1) Phantsi komqathango wokuba zonke ezinye iiparameters zigcinwa rhoqo, ukwandisa kuphela isantya sevili lokugaya kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubuninzi bokusika kunye nokunciphisa okuhambelanayo kwamandla okusika asebenza kwi-particle nganye ye-abrasive.
(2) Ukuba isantya workpiece kwandiswe ngokomlinganiselo isantya ivili lokugaya, ukusika ukutyeba kuhlala ingatshintshanga.Kule meko, amandla okusika asebenza kwingqolowa nganye enqabileyo kunye nesiphumo sokusila asitshintshi.Inzuzo enkulu yale nto kukuba izinga lokususwa kwezinto eziphathekayo landa ngokulinganayo kunye namandla afanayo okusila.
10. Chaza ngokufutshane iimfuno zokusila ngesantya esiphezulu samavili okugaya kunye nezixhobo zomatshini.
Impendulo: Amavili okusila anesantya esiphezulu kufuneka ahlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:
(1) Amandla omatshini wevili lokusila kufuneka akwazi ukumelana namandla okusika ngexesha lokusila ngesantya esiphezulu;
(2) Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka ngexesha lokugaya ngesantya esiphezulu;
(3) inkangeleko ebukhali;
(4) Isibophelelo kufuneka sibe nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu ukunciphisa ukuguga kwevili lokusila.
Iimfuno zokusila ngesantya esiphezulu kwizixhobo zoomatshini:
(1) Isantya esiphezulu sokusonta kunye neebheringi zayo: Iibheringi zespindles ezinesantya esiphezulu zisebenzisa iibheringi zeebhola ezijikelezayo.Ukunciphisa ukufudumeza kwe-spindle kunye nokunyusa isantya esiphezulu se-spindle, uninzi lwesizukulwana esitsha se-spindles sombane esinesantya esiphezulu sithanjiswa ngeoli kunye negesi.
(2) Ukongeza kwimisebenzi ye-grinders eqhelekileyo, i-grinders ye-high-speed nayo kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi mfuno ezizodwa zilandelayo: ukuchaneka okuphezulu okuguquguqukayo, ukuchithwa okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kunye nokuqina kwe-thermal;inkqubo yokusila ezenzekelayo nethembekileyo.
(3) Emva kokuba isantya sevili lokusila sisanda, amandla alo ekinetic nawo ayanda.Ukuba ivili lokusila liyaphuka, ngokuqinisekileyo liya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu kunye nezixhobo kunokugaya okuqhelekileyo.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngaphezu kokuphucula amandla okugaya ngokwawo, okhethekileyo Umlindi wevili lokugaya ukukhawuleza kuyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-23-2022