Ngokwendlela yokuqulunqa iimodeli zesixhobo soomatshini, izixhobo zoomatshini zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezili-11: iileyile, oomatshini bokomba, oomatshini abadikayo, oomatshini bokusila, oomatshini bokulungisa izixhobo, oomatshini bokuthunga, oomatshini bokungqusha, oomatshini bokubhula, oomatshini bokubhula, oomatshini bokusarha kunye nabanye. izixhobo zoomatshini.Kuhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo somatshini, lwahlulwe ngamaqela amaninzi ngokwenkqubo yoluhlu, uhlobo lwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo, kwaye iqela ngalinye lihlulwe kwiichungechunge ezininzi.Kodwa ngaba umgubo wegolide uyayazi imbali yophuhliso yezi zixhobo zoomatshini?Namhlanje, umhleli uza kuthetha nawe ngamabali embali abacwangcisi, oomatshini bokugaya, kunye noomatshini bokucoca.
1. Umcwangcisi
Kwinkqubo yokuqulunqwa, izinto ezininzi zihlala zincedisana kwaye zidibeneyo: ukwenzela ukuvelisa i-injini ye-steam, uncedo lomatshini odinayo luyafuneka;emva kokuveliswa kwe-injini ye-steam, i-gantry planer ibizwa kwakhona ngokwemiqathango yeemfuno zenkqubo.Kunokuthiwa kukuveliswa kwe-injini ye-steam eyakhokelela ekuqulunqweni nasekuphuhliseni "umatshini osebenzayo" ukusuka kumatshini okruqulayo kunye ne-lathes ukuya kwi-gantry planers.Enyanisweni, umcwangcisi "yinqwelomoya" ecwangcisa isinyithi.
1. I-Gantry planer yokucubungula iinqwelo-moya ezinkulu (1839) Ngenxa yemfuneko yokulungiswa kweenqwelomoya zezihlalo ze-valve injini ye-steam, amagcisa amaninzi aqala ukufunda le nkalo ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kuquka uRichard Robert, uRichard Pula Special, uJames Fox kunye UJoseph Clement, njl., baqala ngo-1814 kwaye benza ngokuzimeleyo i-gantry planer kwiminyaka eyi-25.Lo mcwangcisi we-gantry kukulungisa into esetyenzisiweyo kwiqonga elibuyiselayo, kwaye umcwangcisi usika elinye icala lezinto ezicwangcisiweyo.Nangona kunjalo, le planer ayinaso isixhobo sokutyisa imela, kwaye ikwinkqubo yokuguqula ukusuka "kwisixhobo" ukuya "kumatshini".Ngo-1839, indoda yaseBritani egama linguBodmer ekugqibeleni yayiyila iplani yegantry enesixhobo sokutyisa imela.
2. Isicwangcisi sokusetyenzwa kweenkalo Enye indoda yeNgesi, uNeismith, yaqulunqa kwaye yenza iplani yokulungisa izinto phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukusuka ngo-1831.
Ukususela ngoko, ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuvela kweenjini zombane, abacwangcisi be-gantry baye baphuhliswa kwindlela yokusika isantya esiphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kwelinye icala, kwaye kwicala lophuhliso olukhulu kwelinye icala.
2. Isigrisi
Ukugaya yindlela yakudala eyaziwayo ebantwini ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.Olu buchule lwalusetyenziselwa ukugaya izixhobo zamatye kwi-Paleolithic Age.Kamva, ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zetsimbi, ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa bokugaya kwakhuthazwa.Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lomatshini wokugaya wokwenyani useyinto yamva nje.Nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, abantu babesasebenzisa ilitye lokusila lendalo ukwenza ukuba linxibelelane nomsebenzi wokugaya.
1. Igrinder yokuqala (1864) Ngo-1864, iUnited States yenza igrinder yokuqala yehlabathi, esisixhobo esifaka ivili lokusila kwisibambi sesixhobo sesilayidi selathe kwaye siyenze ibe nokuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo.Emva kweminyaka eli-12, uBrown waseUnited States wenza isixhobo sokusila esikufutshane neso sila maxesha.
2. Ilitye lokusila lokwenziwa - ukuzalwa kwevili lokusila (1892) Imfuno yelitye lokusila eyenziweyo nayo ivela.Indlela yokuphuhlisa i-grindstone engenakunqanda ukunxiba kune-grindstone yendalo?Ngo-1892, i-American Acheson yavelisa ngempumelelo i-silicon carbide eyenziwe nge-coke nesanti, elilitye lokusila elenziweyo ngoku elibizwa ngokuba yi-C abrasive;kwiminyaka emibini kamva, i-Abrasive ene-alumina njengeyona nxalenye iphambili yaveliswa ngolingo.Impumelelo, ngale ndlela, umatshini wokugaya usetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
Kamva, ngenxa yophuculo olongezelelweyo lweebheringi kunye neentsimbi zesikhokelo, ukuchaneka kwegrinder kwaba phezulu nangaphezulu, kwaye kwaphuhliswa kwicala lobungcali.I-grinders yangaphakathi, i-surface grinders, i-roller grinders, i-gear grinders, i-universal grinders, njl.
3. Umatshini wokugaya
1. Umatshini wamandulo wokugaya - "isaphetha kunye ne-reel" iteknoloji yokugaya inembali ende.Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa ukuba isixhobo sokugqobhoza imingxuma saqanjwa ngabantu ngo 4000 BC.Abantu bamandulo babeka umqadi kwiintolo ezimbini eziphakamileyo, baze baxhome intolo ejikelezayo ezantsi ukusuka kumqadi, emva koko bayibethelela ngentsontelo yentolo ukuze iqhube inyalo ukuba ijikelezise, ukuze imingxuma igqobhozwe emthini namatye.Kungekudala, abantu baye bayila isixhobo sokungqinga esibizwa ngokuba “livili eliqengqelekayo”, elikwasebenzise umtya olastiki ukwenza i-awl ijikeleze.
2. Umatshini wokuqala wokomba (Whitworth, 1862) wawumalunga no-1850, kwaye iMartignoni yaseJamani yaqala ukwenza i-twist drill yokomba isinyithi;kumboniso wamazwe ngamazwe owawuseLondon, eNgilani ngowe-1862, iBritish Whitworth yabonisa umatshini wokushicilela oqhutywa yikhabhathi yentsimbi eqhutywa ngamandla, eyaba ngumzekelo womatshini wokubhola wale mihla.
Ukusukela ngoko, oomatshini bokugrumba abahlukeneyo bavele omnye emva komnye, kubandakanya oomatshini bokwemba i-radial, oomatshini bokomba abaneendlela zokondla ezizenzekelayo, kunye noomatshini bokwemba be-multi-axis abanokuqhuba ngaxeshanye imingxuma emininzi ngaxeshanye.Ngombulelo kuphuculo lwezixhobo zezixhobo kunye neebhithi zokubhola, kunye nokuqaliswa kweenjini zombane, oomatshini bomatshini abakhulu bokusebenza obuphezulu baveliswa ekugqibeleni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-13-2022